• br AMPK structure and mechanism of action AMPK is a

  2024-09-19

  

  AMPK: structure and mechanism of action AMPK is a metabolic master switch that regulates downstream signals based on shifts in the surrounding energy reservoir [6]. It is expressed in a number of tissues, including the kidney, the liver, the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the hypothalam

• Our results using RT PCR confirm earlier findings Wilisch et

  2024-09-19

  

  Our results using RT-PCR confirm earlier findings (Wilisch et al., 1999, Bruno et al., 2004) including the presence of both the P3A+ and P3A− isoforms of the α-subunit (Beeson et al., 1990). The lack of detection of the ε-subunit mRNAs in some thymomas, and lack of α-, β-, δ- and γ-subunit mRNAs by

• Although effects of low concentrations

  2024-09-19

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major isrib α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inhibiting dr

• Anti LT therapy by LO inhibition has been hampered

  2024-09-19

  

  Anti-LT therapy by 5-LO inhibition has been hampered by occurring liver toxicities by Zileuton or the clinical phase II compound Atreleuton [36], [37] However both compounds possess a thiophene as well as an N-hydroxyurea moiety. These features could be linked with reactive thiophene intermediates [

• The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis

  2024-09-19

  

  The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis is not entirely clear or established, however additional studies that treat fish embryos to DHT or to specific srd5a inhibitors at critical stages of development (i.e. prior to sex differentiation) will shed light on the early functions of this androgen

• br Results br Discussion Autophagy is considered as an impor

  2024-09-19

  

  Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st

• br Aurora kinases br Wnt signaling pathway The

  2024-09-19

  

  Aurora kinases Wnt signaling pathway The signal transduction pathway of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in embryogenesis to control cell differentiation and tumorigenesis [39]. A recent report indicates that 90% of colorectal cancer occur due to the activation of the Wn

• Introduction An association of elevated branched chain

  2024-09-19

  

  Introduction An association of elevated branched-chain a83 (BCAA—Leu, Val, Ile) with obesity and insulin resistance was first reported nearly 50 years ago (Felig et al., 1969). With the advent of metabolomics technologies, it has since become apparent that the association of BCAA and related metab

• ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA

  2024-09-19

  

  ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA-repair pathway in response to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells [55], [56]. Recent reports suggest that ATM activation by double-strand breaks leads to the subsequent ATR activation [57], [58], [59]. The recruitment of ATR to double-st

• Recent progress has been made in translating animal findings

  2024-09-19

  

  Recent progress has been made in translating animal findings on memory performance and amnestic effects – that are largely determined by tonically active receptors in which α5 contributes to the benzodiazepine binding site. Based on the observation that deletion of this subunit led to improved spati

• We also showed that steatosis induced an additional

  2024-09-19

  

  We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase of ASK1 activation that was associated to the exacerbation of hepatocyte and liver damage and was unrelated to ER stress. Indeed, several settings, also different to ER stress, can induce ASK1 activation and many of them involve oxidative

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are

  2024-09-19

  

  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• br Conclusions In summary KLA

  2024-09-19

  

  Conclusions In summary, KLA isolated from K. senegalensis exerted the anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, AKT and upregulating p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV-2 BIO-acetoxime receptor (Fig. 9). These properties provide a potent

• br Experimental and computation Standard samples of artemisi

  2024-09-19

  

  Experimental and computation Standard samples of artemisinin (1) and artemether (2) were purchased from China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Their ECD spectra, at a concentration of 1.0–5.0mg/mL in ethanol, were recorded in a quartz cuvette of 1mm optical path length using a Jasco

• Plant defensins Vriens et al and linear AMPs

  2024-09-19

  

  Plant defensins (Vriens et al., 2014) and linear AMPs (Domingues et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2008) have been shown to present several modes of action. Among these different mechanisms, permeabilization of the fungal membrane has been described as a secondary effect of plant defensin action (Vriens et 

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