• A has been reported to decrease insulin

  2025-02-18

  

  Aβ has been reported to decrease insulin receptors and impair insulin signaling in neurons, preventing phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), downstream of insulin signaling, and to increase phosphorylation of tau protein causing neurofibrillary tangles (Tokutake et al., 20

• Recently Kamoshita et al evaluated a mouse model of

  2025-02-18

  

  Recently, Kamoshita et al. (2016) evaluated a mouse model of retinal neuronal disturbance with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS and found that treatment with AICAR suppressed the reduction of conical function and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α as well as improved mRNA levels of the mitochondrial

• Compounds and with potent ALR inhibitory activity were

  2025-02-17

  

  Compounds , and with potent ALR2 inhibitory activity were also tested for their inhibition ability against ALR1, as shown in . They all showed low activity with inhibition percentages no more than 45% at the concentration of 10μM, demonstrating good selectivity for ALR2. To evaluate the antioxidant

• The present study determined the effect of DCA

  2025-02-17

  

  The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that Beta-lactam antibiotic non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vascu

• br Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol

  2025-02-17

  

  Mechanisms for regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis Cells maintain intracellular free cholesterol levels and distribution within stringent tolerances by several mechanisms [55]: (1) uptake of native LDL (the major extracellular carrier of cholesterol) by LDL receptors and modified

• G has been shown to participate

  2025-02-17

  

  Gβγ has been shown to participate in various MT-dependent processes such as cell growth and differentiation [15,[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]]. G-protein β-subunit anti-sense oligonucleotides have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and cause disorganization of the mitotic spindle in mamma

• In the presence of detrimental conditions such

  2025-02-17

  

  In the presence of detrimental conditions, such as inflammation, hypoxia, ischemia trauma or neoplastic milieu, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase massively, reaching micromolar range [51,52]. In these pathological contexts, adenosine accumulation stems from increased extracellular depho

• Introduction Adenosine kinase ADK ATP

  2025-02-17

  

  Introduction Adenosine kinase (ADK; ATP: adenosine 5′-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20), is isolated from yeast cells by Kornberg for the first time in 1951 [1]. ADK belongs to the ribokinase protein family and is one of the most abundant nucleoside kinases in mammalian tissues [2,3]. As the first i

• In summary we suggest that both

  2025-02-17

  

  In summary, we suggest that both cofilin and gelsolin are essential factors that regulate sperm capacitation and the acrosomal exocytosis by modulating actin. The relationships between activation/inactivation of cofilin and gelsolin suggest that inhibition of cofilin is important for allowing F-acti

• Although our data show that agrin accelerates the

  2025-02-17

  

  Although our data show that agrin accelerates the innervation of engineered muscle tissue following implantation, there are still several issues that need to be considered. First, the use of primary muscle stem or progenitor High-specificity HotStart qPCR (satellite cells) instead of an immortalize

• br Methods and results ACE is

  2025-02-17

  

  Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric Cellular stress response compound spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at h

• br Materials and methods All

  2025-02-17

  

  Materials and methods All animal experiments were performed using the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011) and approved by the University of Colorado—Denver Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult male Sprague—Dawley

• L002 Derivatives of M that possess either an alkyne or

  2025-02-17

  

  Derivatives of (+)-M100907 that possess either an alkyne or an azide have been synthesized. The most active enantiomer was obtained by resolution of a relatively early intermediate in the synthesis. The ability of these L002 to maintain 5-HTR antagonist properties as (+)-M100907 was demonstrated to

• The following are the supplementary data related to this

  2025-02-17

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Funding Work in Dr. Rosell's laboratory is partially supported by a grant from La Caixa Foundation, and an Instituto de Salud Carlos III grant (RESPONSE, PIE16/00011). Work in Dr. Cao's laboratory is partially supported by the Maj

• Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main

  2025-02-17

  

  Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main source of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are recently recognized to perform manifold essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine [1]. Mitochondrial metabolism is both the ba

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