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In the brain E can modulate the
2020-09-01
In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,
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br Results br Discussion Fetal development occurs under
2020-09-01
Results Discussion Fetal development occurs under conditions of low oxygen tension and steady maternal glucose such that physiologic systems including the pancreas are functionally poised in the prenatal state. Postnatally, oxidative metabolism becomes dominant and intermittent feeding exposes
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Enhanced responses to varying concentrations
2020-09-01
Enhanced responses to varying concentrations of bronchoconstrictors, such as MCh, and airway obstruction are characteristic of Carmustine and common to other clinical states, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung transplantation, and infection- or chemical agent-induced airway inflam
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Piroxicam synthesis WES and validation by Sanger sequencing
2020-09-01
WES and validation by Sanger sequencing in PNGS-252 revealed an apparent homozygous c.4C>G missense alteration (GenBank: NM_014176.3), resulting in the amino Piroxicam synthesis substitution p.Gln2Glu (Figure 1A). This mutation must be very rare, because this is not listed in the NHLBI Exome Sequenc
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Covalent inhibitors are well suited for
2020-09-01
Covalent inhibitors are well suited for targeting the E1 tyramide australia of Ubl modifications. Because the E1 enzymes in Ubl modifications, such as the SUMO E1 and Atg7, have a slow turnover rate (Boggio et al., 2004), prolonged inhibition can be achieved without requiring compounds to be stable
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The assessment process is even more
2020-08-31
The assessment process is even more difficult when Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components – whose internals are partially or totally unknown – come into play. COTS are being increasingly used by the industry to reduce costs and to shorten development (and possibly deployment) time. However, sinc
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We found that E and GEN each
2020-08-31
We found that E2 and GEN each has mostly similar effects on recruitment of the epigenetic modulators to the MB-COMT distal promoter (summarized in Table 2). These effects are associated with increased promoter methylation and gene suppression of COMT. It is noted that the array of epigenetic modulat
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Water and
2020-08-31
Acknowledgements Introduction Water and electrolytes constitute an integral part of all living things, and MTT governing their movements play important roles in a wide variety of physiological and/or pathophysiological processes. Given the importance of channel proteins in cancer cell prolif
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Two primary members of the TRIM family TRIM and TRIM
2020-08-31
Two primary members of the TRIM family – TRIM5α and TRIM25 – function as antiviral effector and immune regulator, respectively. TRIM5α is one of the best characterized members of the TRIM family (both structurally and functionally) and reported to be an important ubiquitin-mediated regulator of a ma
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Upstream Stimulatory Factor USF binding
2020-08-31
Upstream Stimulatory Factor (USF) binding to the −65 E-box is required for the regulation of FAS promoter activity in fasting/feeding [97], [98]. DNA-PK are identified as a USF-interacting protein [99]. In response to feeding/insulin, the transient double-stranded DNA breaks occurred during the tran
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Mutation in BRCT II domain W R
2020-08-31
Mutation in BRCT-II domain (W893R) either in the full-length context or the C-terminal context greatly reduced the expression of LIG4 (Fig. 2B, Fig. 3B), suggesting the importance of BRCT-II domain in the maintenance of LIG4. In this regard, it might be noted that LIG4 protein was undetectable in Li
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MTX and MTXPGs block the activity
2020-08-31
MTX and MTXPGs block the activity of the key enzyme DHFR (Fig. 1), which converts folates to their active forms – dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). MTXPGs also potently inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS). Furthermore, during dTMP synthesis, TS utilizes the cofactor 5,10-methylene THF, w
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mst2 Introduction Cysteinyl leukotrienes CysLTs LTC LTD and
2020-08-31
Introduction Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, are 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites of arachidonic mst2 and deeply involved in bronchial asthma via activation of CysLT1 receptors [1], [2]. Specific CysLT1 receptor antagonists, including pranlukast [3], [4] and montelukast [5]
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Intriguingly one E residue may
2020-08-31
Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In
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CXC chemokines are primarily expressed in immune
2020-08-28
CXC chemokines are primarily expressed in immune organs and the central nervous system: the mouse thymus and spleen (Heesen et al., 1996), chicken bursa (Liang et al., 2001), primate (Macaca mulatta) Methscopolamine (Federsppiel et al., 1993) and cattle locus coeruleus, cerebellum and pons (Rimland
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